The book describes statistical methods in comparative effectiveness research (CER) that address the generation and analysis of new evidence, as well as the synthesis of existing evidence. The book includes prevention and early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and post-therapy surveillance. The book is accessible to readers with a masters-level course in regression and some familiarity with clinical research, CER methodologists, quantitative trained researchers interested in CER, and graduate students in all branches of statistics, epidemiology, and health services and outcomes research.