The Arab Spring in Egypt and Tunisia was a manifestation of all that is amiss in the Arab world. Heggy seeks to understand the conditions which created the breeding ground for those upheavals. He deals first with religion, and how Islam is seen and propagated as a religion of violence. However this is one interpretation of Islam, while others call for moderation and progress. He explains the factors which led to the rapid spread and influence of violent Islam and its effect on Arab societies. A key player in the power struggle in Egypt is the Muslim Brotherhood. Are they the radical Islamists of Mubarak propaganda, the democratic actors they claim to be, or is the truth more complex than that? Heggy's chapter on the Muslim Brotherhood should be read by all who have a stake in peace in the Middle East or an interest in Egypt. Next he tackles the backward education system that engenders misconceptions which, in turn, provoke political, social, and economic problems. These trigger a vicious circle which fortifies the existing Arab mindset. Arab societies are thus trapped in a cycle of political, social, and economic problems to which the only solution is science and modern management.