The book covers various methods of characterization of advanced materials commonly used in engineering including understanding of the working principle and applicability of devices. It explores the techniques implemented for advanced materials like superalloys, thin films, powders, nanocomposites, polymers, shape memory alloys, high entropy alloys, and so on. Major instruments covered include X-ray diffraction, near-field scanning optical microscopy Raman, X-ray photospectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrosphotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, profilometer, and thermogravimetric analysis.This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in materials science and engineering.