In this text, the authors present current research in the study of language processing. The topics include neuroimaging and aphasiology in the 21st century with EEG and MEG studies on language processing in aphasia since the year 2000; language processing in children with specific language impairment; analysing the language use of learners with learning difficulties and disabilities with regard to challenging behaviour; inspection time for verbal stimuli with a focus on letter detection, identification and discrimination speed; and visual recognition of the Chinese compound word as a serial process.