This self-contained book offers an extensive state-of-the-art exposition of rotational integral geometry, a field that has reached significant maturity over the past four decades. Through a unified description of key results previously scattered across various scientific journals, this book provides a cohesive and thorough account of the subject. Initially, rotational integral geometry was driven by applications in fields such as optical microscopy. Rotational integral geometry has now evolved into an independent mathematical discipline. It contains a wealth of theorems paralleling those in classical kinematic integral geometry for Euclidean spaces, such as the rotational Crofton formulae, rotational slice formulae, and principal rotational formulae. The present book presents these for very general tensor valuations in a convex geometric setting. It also discusses various applications in the biosciences, explained with a mathematical audience in mind. This book is intended for a diverse readership, including specialists in integral geometry, and researchers and graduate students working in integral, convex, and stochastic geometry, as well as geometric measure theory.