This is the first complete edition of ?Das Büchlein der Gesundheit?, based on Trieste, Biblioteca Civica Attilio Hortis, MS 2?25, written in a late fifteenth-century Bavarian dialect. It is an excellent representative of the popular genre of the ?regimen sanitatis?, a practical compendium of predominantly preventive medicine. It consists of six tractates: Tractate I, on the four seasons, the four complexions and the twelve months of the year; Tractate II, on the non-naturals; Tractates III?V, on individual foodstuffs; Tractate VI, on mainly medicinal plants, on ?branntwein?, and on fevers, dysentry, menstruation, and the plague.